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• Campbell Reece Biology 7th Edition

Presentation on theme: 'Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint Lectures for Biology, Seventh Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece.' — Presentation transcript:Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint Lectures for Biology, Seventh Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero Chapter 4 Biochemistry: The Role of Functional GroupsCopyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings Functional groups – Are the chemically reactive groups of atoms within an organic molecule – Give organic molecules distinctive chemical properties CH 3 OH HO O CH 3 OH Estradiol Testosterone Female lion Male lion Figure 4.9Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings Important Functional Groups Six functional groups are important in the chemistry of life – Hydroxyl – Carbonyl – Carboxyl – Amino – Sulfhydryl – PhosphateCopyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc.

Book Summary: The title of this book is Biology, 7th Edition (Book & CD-ROM) and it was written by Neil A. Campbell, Jane B. This particular edition is in a Hardcover format. This books publish date is Dec 23, 2004 and it has a suggested retail price of $179.40. It was published by Benjamin Cummings and has a. Study Biology: Nasta Edition (8th Edition) discussion and chapter questions and find Biology: Nasta Edition (8th Edition) study guide questions and answers. Biology: Nasta Edition (8th Edition), Author: Campbell/Reece - StudyBlue. Jun 18, 2014  Chapter 1 in Openstax and Campbell's Biology. Skip navigation. AP Bio: Intro and Themes in Biology Science With Mr J. 115 videos Play all Campbell Biology 10th Edition Andy.

Campbell Reece Biology 7th Edition

Publishing as Benjamin Cummings Hydroxyl group Polar, thus water-soluble; forms hydrogen bonds FUNCTIONAL GROUP STRUCTURE (may be written HO ) HYDROXYL OH In a hydroxyl group (—OH), a hydrogen atom is bonded to an oxygen atom, which in turn is bonded to the carbon skeleton of the organic molecule. (Do not confuse this functional group with the hydroxide ion, OH –.) C OO C OH Figure 4.10 Is polar as a result of the electronegative oxygen atom drawing electrons toward itself.  Attracts water molecules, helping dissolve organic compounds such as sugars (see Figure 5.3).Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings Carbonyl  C=O FUNCTIONAL GROUP STRUCTURE (may be written HO ) HYDROXYL CARBONYL CARBOXYL OH C OO C Figure 4.10 The carbonyl group consists of a carbon atom joined to an oxygen atom by a double bond.Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings Carbonyl group A ketone and an aldehyde may be structural isomers with different properties, as is the case with many monosaccharides.Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings Carboxyl Weak acid (hydrogen donor); when it loses a hydrogen, it becomes negatively charged (polar) FUNCTIONAL GROUP STRUCTURE (may be written HO ) HYDROXYL CARBONYL CARBOXYL OH When an oxygen atom is double- bonded to a carbon atom that is also bonded to a hydroxyl group, the entire assembly of atoms is called a carboxyl group (— COOH).

C OO C OH Figure 4.10Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings Carboxyl  Has acidic properties because it is a source of hydrogen ions. The covalent bond between oxygen and hydrogen is so polar that hydrogen ions (H + ) tend to dissociate reversibly; for example,  In cells, found in the ionic form, which is called a carboxylate group. H H C H H C O OH H H C O C OO + H + Figure 4.10Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc.

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